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中新网评 ：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕 ，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长 。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主” 的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图 ：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡 。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗 、利益分配不均等因素 ，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡 。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人 的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外 ，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切 。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制 的参议院和拜登政府 ，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱 ，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大 ，有利于他们巩固自己 的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为 ，自己的选票没有换取更多利益 ，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大 的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务 。

　　作为仅次于美国总统 、副总统的政坛三号人物 ，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念 。然而 ，麦卡锡此次为当选 ，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制 ，使得众议长 的权力被削弱 ，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步 ，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大 。

　　这场引发全世界围观 的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化 。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下 ，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对” 的无脑对垒。而即便 是一党内 ，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同 的小派系 ，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈 ，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正 的判断能力 ，其政治阶层 是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑 。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓 的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜 。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举 ，变成了政客们利益置换 的游戏 ，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化 的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

感染新冠病毒后胸闷气短？******

　　广州日报讯 (全媒体记者 涂端玉)“此时正值流感高发 ，有时候大众分不清流感和新冠病毒感染后的症状区别，但二者都可能引起胸闷气短，都需要提防应对以及合理用药 ，老年有基础病人群尤甚 。”专家如此说。日前 ，两位专家接受广州日报全媒体记者采访并给予了大众一些实用建议、助力特殊人群平安健康过冬。

　　心脑血管疾病患者应警惕胸闷气短

　　相关研究发现 ，新冠病毒可通过介导血管内皮功能紊乱、凝血系统障碍导致血栓形成 ，新冠病毒还可直接与血管内皮细胞结合而形成血栓 ，这些血栓会阻塞血管，进一步增加心梗 、卒中 的发生风险。

　　“有心脑血管疾病人群应尤为警惕新冠病毒感染或 是流感引起的胸闷气短 。”广东省中医院脑病内科主任医师孙景波表示 ，最近患者因为类似症状前来就诊的不在少数 ，他们往往会因为心肌耗氧量增加 ，而导致血管狭窄、缺血的可能性也由此增加。

　　“近期我们接诊了大量胸闷、气喘的老年人群 。”广州医科大学附属第二医院神经内科主任医师刘军表示，他观察发现 ，其中不少老年人合并有心脑血管疾病 ，有 的还伴随有高血压、糖尿病 ，此时如果再感染新冠病毒，出现胸闷、气喘的可能性就会更高 。

　　中西医结合治疗可缓解症状

　　日前 ，《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)》发布，进一步完善了中医治疗相关内容 。中医药如何改善胸闷气短？以岭南地区供需两旺的中成药复方丹参片为例，其由丹参 、三七及冰片按一定比例配伍制成 ，具有活血化瘀、理气止痛、安神宁心等功效 ，临床应用主要用于冠心病之胸闷、心悸等 。

　　孙景波主任医师表示，复方丹参片这一类中成药作用温和又能一定程度活血化瘀通络 ，改善冠状血管的循环 、帮助调整心脑血管的供血状态，缓解胸闷 、气短 、心慌、头晕等症状；刘军主任医师认为，中西医结合治疗可以很大程度缓解患者的不适症状 。“有基础疾病人群不要擅自停药、务必坚持服药 ；为了做好一级预防和二级预防，患者可以在遵医嘱前提下 ，适当服用复方丹参片等防治类中成药。”他说。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）